Dehydration

Erythrocytes. Normal values
* 4.0 - 5.1 million red blood cells in 1 ml (4,0 - 5,1 1012 / L) - male
* 3.7 - 4.7 million red blood cells in 1 ml (3,7 - 4,7 1012 / L) - for women.

Reducing the number of red blood cells.

* The relative reduction in the number of red blood cells can be observed in diluted blood in people with kidney disease (difficult removal of fluid from the body), the introduction of large amounts of blood substitutes.
* The absolute decline in the number of red blood cells - is the main criterion for anemia.

Anemia can be divided into the following types:

1. Scarce - anemia in which the lack of any "spare parts" to build red blood cells (belkovodefitsitnye, vitaminodefitsitnye, iron). "Parts" may be in insufficient brand name viagra quantities to do with food or not fully absorbed from the intestine. Can be observed and their relative deficiency in pregnancy and in adolescence, when the need for "building materials" exceed their intake into the body.

2. Posthemorrhagic (due to acute and chronic blood loss) anemia. In fact, chronic hemorrhagic anemia is also scarce: in haemorrhage lost proteins, vitamins and iron.

3. Hypo-and aplastic (congenital and acquired), anemia occur when loss or disruption of the functioning of stem cells (progenitor of red blood cells) in bone marrow. Acquired deficiency anemia can develop after exposure to radiation, congenital - the result of mutations.

4. Hemolytic (hereditary and acquired) anemia. Acquired anemia occur when the effects of various chemicals [they may play some drugs, antibodies, microbial toxins (for malaria)] or mechanical factors (eg, red blood cells can ranitsya of artificial heart valve). Hereditary anemia - the result of mutations, the erythrocytes of people with hereditary hemolytic anemia have a defect in the membranes (shells) or abnormal hemoglobin.

Increasing the number of red blood cells (polycythemia):

1. Absolute erythrocytosis may be due to amplification of normal hematopoiesis. It can occur in chronic lung disease, heart defects, congenital hemoglobinopathies. In people with abnormal hemoglobin compensatory increase of red blood cells in 1 ml of blood, because hemoglobin can not carry oxygen in sufficient quantity. Not quality, as quantity. In chronic renal ischemia can also occur erythrocytosis, as they produced in larger quantities than normal, erythropoietin, which stimulates hematopoiesis.

2. Absolute erythrocytosis may be caused by abnormal hematopoiesis - hematopoietic system tumor disease - a disease Vakeza.

3. Relative erythrocytosis occurs when dehydration.

RBC morphology:
Changing the shape, size, color of red blood cells is the basis of the classification of anemias.

1. Reducing the diameter of red blood cells, microcytosis is observed in iron and hemolytic anemia.
2. Increasing the diameter of red blood cells, macrocytosis was observed at B12 and folievodefitsitnyh anemia (vitaminodefitsitnye anemia). When hypoplastic anemia may also be observed macrocytosis.
3. Changing the shape of red Viagra the search for drugs blood cells (poikilocytosis - red blood cells have different shapes) can be observed in iron-deficiency anemia, certain hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell anemia, thalassemia).

The best shape for red blood cell - a form of biconcave disk. In this form of erythrocyte best to carry oxygen. The best size - 7 microns. If it is less worse is to carry oxygen, and if more - the red blood cells will be less to live. A substantial part of their lives, they will in the bone marrow, in addition, such large cells are rapidly destroyed in the spleen.

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